1. An aircraft design consideration that avoids a sudden drag rise approaching supersonic speeds, by ensuring there are minimal changes in cross-sectional area distribution from fore to aft, is called the:
- area rule
- critical mach rule
- four times rule
- Sears-Haack rule
2. A sudden and significant form of drag produced when an aircraft approaches the critical mach number is termed:
- wave drag
- form drag
- induced drag
- profile drag
3. Along a taxiway, the edge lighting is coloured:
- green
- white
- white unless there is centreline lighting, and blue if there is not
- blue, and the centreline lighting is omnidirectional green
4. One US gallon of avgas is equivalent to approximately:
- 4.5 litres and weighs about 3.2 kilos
- 3.7 litres and weighs 2.7 kilos
- 1.2 imp. gallons and weighs about 3.2 kilos
- 0.75 imp. gallons and weighs about 7.5 kilos
5. Carburettor icing:
- is more likely at higher power settings
- is most likely at ambient temperatures around -4 °C
- can occur at ambient temperatures up to 38 °C
- will not occur at ambient temperatures above 20 °C
6. Dew point depression is the difference between:
- the wet and dry bulb temperatures, and fog is more likely as the difference increases
- ambient temperature and dew point, and fog is more likely as the difference increases
- the wet and dry bulb temperatures, and fog is more likely as the difference decreases
- ambient temperature and dew point, and fog is more likely as the difference decreases
7. Relative humidity:
- changes with temperature even if the amount of water vapour present does not change
- changes with temperature only if the amount of water vapour present changes
- does not change with temperature if the amount of water vapour present is constant
- does not change with temperature if the dew point temperature does not change
8. When moist air flows over a mountain and forms cloud, the cloud base on the lee side compared to that on the windward side is:
- lower if precipitation has occurred
- always lower due to orographic lift
- always higher due to orographic lift
- higher if moisture has been lost due to precipitation
9. The atmospheric temperature in an inversion:
- decreases with height and the environmental lapse rate is said to be positive
- decreases with height and the environmental lapse rate is said to be negative
- increased with height and the environmental lapse rate is said to be positive
- increases with height and the environmental lapse rate is said to be negative
10. In the presence of an inversion, the range of VHF communications may:
- be reduced to less than line of sight due to an ionospheric reflection
- be reduced to less than line of sight due to dialectric losses
- be increased to greater than line of sight due to atmospheric ‘ducting’
- be increased to greater than line of sight due to ionospheric reflection
11. The maximum speed for IFR and VFR aircraft in E or G airspace is:
- no restriction
- no restriction except 250 KT IAS in a CTAF or MBZ
- 250KT IAS below 10,000 AMSL
- 250KT IAS below F110
12. When there is high ground to the west of an airport, the official last light:
- will be earlier
- will be later
- will not change but the actual onset of darkness will occur later
- will not change but the actual onset of darkness will occur earlier
13. The manoeuvring speed (VA) is typically marked on an airspeed indicator as:
- a red line
- the junction of the green and yellow arc
- the high end of the white arc
- is not usually marked
14. The gyroscopic portion of a turn coordinator instrument responds to:
- bank angle
- bank angle and rate of yaw
- rate of bank and rate of yaw
- rate of yaw
15. A VFR aircraft with an electrical system capable of powering a transponder may operate in E airspace provided that:
- an airways clearance is first obtained
- a flight plan is submitted and an airways clearance is obtained
- a transponder operating in Mode C is carried and switched on and a listening watch is kept on the area frequency
- a transponder operating in mode C is carried and a listening watch is kept on the MULTICOM frequency
16. On a piston-engine aircraft, the alternate air control:
- is applicable to fuel-injected engines and is otherwise identical to carburettor heat
- is applicable to all piston engines and is another term for carburettor heat
- is applicable to fuel-injected engines and provides heated air to the injectors
- provides an alternative, but not necessarily heated, induction air source in the event of air filter blockage
Answers:
- (a) The area rule is behind the ‘coke-bottle’ shape of some supersonic aircraft fuselages.
- (a) The rapid rise in wave drag at transonic speeds is behind the concept of the ‘sound barrier’.
- (d) AIP AD 1.1 5.10.1
- (b)
- (c) A carburettor icing probability chart is available from the CASA Online store.
- (d)
- (a) Relative humidity changes with temperature because the ability of the air to hold water vapour also changes with temperature.
- (d) Moisture loss due to precipitation results in drier air and therefore, a higher condensation level, on the lee side.
- (d) An increase of temperature with height is termed a negative lapse rate (Manual of Meteorology Part 1 para. 4.10).
- (c) Ducting is said to occur when the transmitted wave is curved downwards because the upper portion of the wave encounters air with different refraction characteristics.
- (c) AIP ENR 1.4 4.1
- (d) Additional time buffers should be considered in such locations because darkness occurs earlier.
- (d) a is VNE (never exceed), b is VNO (normal operating), c is VFE (flaps extended)
- (c) The sensitivity to rate of roll is an aid to maintaining wings level but no indication of bank angle is given; d applies to the earlier simpler turn and slip indicator.
- (c)
- (d) An alternative induction air source is provided, usually unfiltered and from within the engine nacelle, in the event of blockage of the main source.
